AMNA NAWAZ: Good evening.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

On the "News Hour" tonight: The U.S.# insi.. allow U.N.

nuclear inspectors back into# their country, despite Tehran's denials.

AMNA NAWAZ: A decade after Brexit,## the United Kingdom takes stock of its# vote to break from the European Un.. ROB BENSON, Kingfisher Seafoods: I actually# voted to leave, but, obviously, we were never## told the truth as to what the consequences were# going to be.

And now the consequences are out.

GEOFF BENNETT: And how major# changes to federal student## loans could reshape repayment for millions.

(BREAK) GEOFF BENNETT: Welcome to the "News Hour."

Iran and the U.S.

are once again at odds today,## this time over inspections of Iran's nuclear# facilities.

Iran says no deal is in place.

AMNA NAWAZ: While, for their part, President# Trump and his aid said again today that the## U.N.

nuclear watchdog will inspect Iran's# facilities.

It was just one of several## disagreements since the weekend meetings in# Switzerland between the Americans and Iranians,## the first round of negotiations since a# new cease-fire deal was struck last week.

Nick Schifrin begins our coverage.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In the Strait of Hormuz today,## a new plan to evacuate ships stranded by# war.

The U.N.

and Iran say hundreds of .. including tankers stuck in the world's most vital# oil choke point, will soon have free passage.

But Iran says the ships must register with# the new Iranian insurance company, setting## the stage for charging future fees in what Iran's# chief negotiator called the new postwar order.

MOHAMMAD BAGHER GHALIBAF, Chief Iranian Negotiator# (through translator): Everyone should know that## the administration of the strait will never# return.. NICK SCHIFRIN: But that was just the first example# today of the U.S.

and Iran's public disagreements.

MARCO RUBIO, U.S.

Secretary of# State: No country is allowed to## charge tolls or fees on an international waterway.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Tehran and Washington# also publicly disagreed on access to## Iran's nuclear sites.

There is no plan to let# international inspectors back into the country,## said Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman.

ESMAEIL BAGHAEI, Iranian Foreign Ministry# Spokesman (through translator): We have not had## a meeting with the direct.. nor do we have any plans for an agency# inspection of Iran's nuclear facilities.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United# States: They're wrong.

They know they're## wrong.

They told us inside, and we# have it down 100 percent .. And if they were right, I'd# cancel the meetings right now.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But President# Trump also today acknowledged## the inspectors would not arrive any time soon.

QUESTION: When will those inspectors# actually be on the ground?

DONALD TRUMP: At the appropriate# time.

At the appropriate time.## There's no rush.

But they will be on# the ground at the appropriate time.

NICK SCHIFRIN: And on whether Iranian# frozen assets could only be used by## American agriculture, as Vice# President Vance said yesterday: J.D.

VANCE, Vice President of the United# States: If Iranian assets are ever unfrozen,## they're going to go to make American farmers# richer and to feed the Iranian people.

ALI BAHREINI, Iranian Ambassador to the# United Nations: Iran is the only country## who will decide what to do with its# assets which are going to be de-frozen.

NICK SCHIFRIN: There's a he said/he# said aspect to these negotiations## and an ambiguity about their direction.

That# perhaps most concerns the U.S.'

Gulf allies,## who bore the brunt of Iran's wartime assaults.

Tonight, Secretary of State Marco Rubio# landed in the United Arab Emirates,## offering reassurance and urging patience.

MARCO RUBIO: All of our allies are# on board with peace.

Obviously,## it all depends on the details of that peace as# we work through it.

But it's a work in progress.## Good groundwork was laid over the last 72 hours,# but a lot of work remains to be done.

And we want## to hear from our partners.

We want to make# sure that their views are taken into account.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Iranian officials also engaged# in diplomacy today.

President Masoud Pezeshkian## visited mediator Pakistan, and Iranian officials# insisted again any deal must include Lebanon.

In Southern Lebanon today, the fragile cease-fire# between Israel and Hezbollah appears to be## holding, allowing many displaced Lebanese# to return to their homes, like Tarek Mroueh,## coming home for the first time in weeks, his# house in Nabatieh wrecked by Israel's assault.

He saves what he can, but the outside and# much of the neighborhood is destroyed.

TAREK MROUEH, Nabatieh, Lebanon, Resident# (through translator): In the end, we have## nowhere else.

This is our home, afte.. the war flares up again, if it flares up again, of# course I will naturally take my family to a safe## place.

But the point is, we now certainly# have greater hope that the war will stop.

NICK SCHIFRIN: There is hope that the war is over,## but there's still disagreement# over what peace might look like.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Nick Schifrin.

GEOFF BENNETT: Well, Congress never# authorized the military action in Iran,## but the U.S.

Senate today voted to limit President# Trump's Iran war powers in a rare rebuke.

White House correspondent Liz Landers# caught up with senators on both sides## of the aisle on this issue of# the Iran war and joins us now.

So, Liz, what are Republicans saying about# this 14-point agreement with Iran signed## by the Trump administration and the ongoing talks?

LIZ LANDERS: Yes, so we have seen some fractures# in the Republican Party on this conflict and on## this agreement, and that was reflected in# the conversations I had on the Hill today.

I talked with Senator Thom Tillis.

He's a# lame-duck senator retiring at the end of## this year.

He's sparred with the president.# And I asked him about these sanctions that## were lifted yesterday by the Treasury Department.# And he said that, if what Nick laid out in that## piece is true, that Iran is going to buy U.S.# agricultural products, he said that's fine.

But he says that if the U.S.

is lifting these# sanctions on Iran that predate even the Obama## era Iran deal, that, until that happens, the# U.S.

-- or until the U.S.

is closer to a deal,## he does not think that that's a good# idea.

Here's more on him being asked## about whether this conflict has been worth it.

SEN.

THOM TILLIS (R-NC): An# estimated $100 billion spent today;## 13 service members lost their lives.# Over 360 people have been injured.## That doesn't include the collateral and# physical damage of our partners.

If all## we do is get back to the JCPOA, that would# be an absolute catastrophe, in my opinion.

The investment that we made,# I expect a much higher return## than just getting back to where# we were with different language.

LIZ LANDERS: There's another part# of the Republican Party, though,## that wants to give President Trump the benefit# of the doubt and time to negotiate this.

I also caught up with Senators Rounds and# Kennedy, who are a bit more wait and see.

SEN.

MIKE ROUNDS (R-SD): He wants peace.

He# wants peace in the Middle East.

He's made## that very, very clear.

We have got to give the# president an opportunity to get his work done,## while at the same time making clear# that none of us trust the Iranians.

SEN.

JOHN KENNEDY (R-LA): We won't know# for 60 days.

I think it's clear that## the MOU is two things.

Number one, it was# an agreement to have the oil flow.

And,## number two, it was a deal to try to make a deal.

GEOFF BENNETT: Meantime, Liz, you have# the GOP-controlled Senate voting today## to cut off the U.S.

military campaign against# Iran.

They are approving this anti-war measure,## followed by the Republican-controlled# House recently.

Bring us up to speed.

LIZ LANDERS: This passed in the House# recently, and then today the Senate## took this symbolic vote largely.

It is a# resolution, so the enforceability of this## is in question.

And there were some senators# who acknowledged that on the Hill today.

But it is a rebuke of the president.

There were# 50 senators who voted against -- voted for the## measure, I should say, telling the president to# end the war.

And there were four Republicans that## joined Democrats.

There was one Democrat# who voted against it, Senator Fetterman.

But this did pass both of these chambers.# The -- whether the president has any sort## of enforceability on this, we will see going# forward.

But this is a rebuke of him nonetheless.

GEOFF BENNETT: You also spoke with, heard# from Republicans in leadership today?

LIZ LANDERS: Yes, I spoke with Senator John Thune,## who is the Republican leader.

He too has had# a few differences with the president of late.

And I asked him about the congressional oversight# aspect of this Iran deal.

Here's what he told me.

What is Congress' role in approving whatever# comes out of this deal with Iran in 60 days?## What do you hope the Senate will do?

SEN.

JOHN THUNE (R-SD): If there# is some deal that is struck,## I would expect at some point Congress# would have some sort of vote on it.

And## I whether -- that's a resolution of disapproval# or something, I don't know the answer to that.

LIZ LANDERS: I also caught up with Senator# Wicker -- he is the chairman of the Armed## Services Committee -- and asked him about that# sanctions relief that Iran is now experiencing.## He paused for a moment and said: "I# don't think they're entitled to any## sanctions relief whatsoever,# and I'm disappointed, he said.

GEOFF BENNETT: What about what about# Democrats?

What are they saying about all this?

LIZ LANDERS: Democrats have been# largely opposed to the war since## it started and also to this memorandum of# understanding since this came out last week.

I caught up with Senator Andy Kim and also Senator## Angela Alsobrooks about these sanctions# and overall their feeling of this MOU.

SEN.

ANDY KIM (D-NJ): Absolutely not a good# deal.

I mean, this is a good deal for Iran.## This is a good deal for a brand-new grand# ayatollah, who is younger and more hardened,## more in line with the Iranian Quds Force.# This is a strategic failure.

And this is## something that we're going to have to# -- we're going to pay the price for.

SEN.

ANGELA ALSOBROOKS (D-MD): None of us# trust, we cannot trust now and never trusted## the leadership of this president, who took us into# a war without a plan, didn't know how to get us## out of the war.

And the people who are paying for# this war are the hardworking people of America.

LIZ LANDERS: Senator Alsobrooks# acknowledged that, as the party## in the minority right now, the Democrats can't# do too much, but she was encouraging voters,## if they don't like what they're seeing with# these policies, to go out and vote November.

GEOFF BENNETT: So a range of views among# lawmakers, and this is as the Trump administration## is asking Congress for $80 billion, an extra $80# billion supplemental funding to pay for this war.

LIZ LANDERS: There has been this reporting# just that came out in the last 24 hours or so,## and I asked President Trump about# this in a very short phone call.## I just got one question to# him this morning on the phone.

And I said, why should the American people# support spending more money on this conflict?## And why is this costing so much?

He told me# -- quote -- "Because Iran will never have a## nuclear weapon.

It's simple.

Iran will never# have a nuclear weapon.

That's not costing much## at all.

That's very cheap compared to what# we're doing.

Iran will never have a nuclear## weapon.

Iran will never be able to use a# nuclear weapon.

And if you don't do it,## then they will have a nuclear weapon,# and then you will see real money."

I asked a Democratic Senator, Catherine Cortez# Masto, about this on the Hill.

Will Congress## approve $80 billion in supplemental# funding?

And she said to me, look,## she said if the war is no longer on and# there's this cease-fire that's in place## right now, then why do they need the# supplemental funding and more money?

Geoff, I think that's a question we're going# to hear on the Hill in the coming days.

GEOFF BENNETT: Liz Landers, a busy# day for you at the White House,## on Capitol Hill.

Our thanks to you and our# politics producer, Kyle Midura.

Appreciate it.

LIZ LANDERS: Yes, of course.

AMNA NAWAZ: For more on the# U.S.

negotiations with Iran,## we turn now to Ernest Moniz.

Trained as# a nuclear physicist, he was secretary of## energy during the Obama administration and# was a chief architect and the lead technical## negotiator of the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement# known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,## or JCPOA.

He's now chief executive officer of# EFI Foundation, which focuses on energy policy.

Secretary Moniz, welcome back to the# "News Hour."

Thanks for joining us.

ERNEST MONIZ, Former U.S.

Energy Secretary:# Good to be back.

Thank you, Amna.

AMNA NAWAZ: So I want to start with your# reaction to this back-and-forth on the## issue of nuclear inspectors.

Yesterday, Vice# President Vance said Iran had agreed to allow## access to the IAEA to nuclear sites.# Today, Iranian officials are saying## that is just not true.

What do you make of# Vance's statement and the Iranian response?

ERNEST MONIZ: Well, first of all, the# issue could not be more important, frankly.

Frankly, since 2015 to this day, we have# always said that the most important part## of the nuclear dimensions of the JCPOA were in# fact the extraordinary verification measures,## and those hinge entirely upon# access by the IAEA inspectors.

So, when the vice president says that# the inspectors can come back into Iran,## that's not so special, nor is it special that# they have access to the Iranian declared nuclear## sites.

That's important.

But even more# important, which the JCPOA did have in it,## is that the inspectors could go to places# that Iran had not declared as nuclear sites,## but that the inspectors had reason to# believe may have had nuclear activity.

So it's the covert -- the# covert sites.

And, furthermore,## it's -- we're a long way from that# stage, obviously, given the exchange## that you referred to.

But, furthermore,# I believe that this negotiation has to at## least replicate what came out in 2015, namely,# that Iran agrees to the additional protocol.

That means that the inspectors can go to# sites that have not been declared by Iran,## but, furthermore, that there is a finite# time window for granting that the access.## It was 24 days in 2015.

No other# country has such a restriction.

It is absolutely critical that the inspectors# have access to potential covert sites and to have## access to them quickly enough to prevent major# cleanups of those sites before they inspect.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, to match the verification that# was in place for the previous nuclear deal,## they would have to guarantee access to even those## non-declared covert nuclear# sites, is what you're saying.

Also, on the issue of the highly enriched# uranium, the essential ingredient for a## nuclear weapon here, there was specific language# in the memorandum of understanding that was signed## that said the two nations had agreed to resolve# the disposition of stockpiled enriched material.

How can that be done?

What# would you expect to see when## the technical negotiations continue on this issue?

ERNEST MONIZ: There's two distinct issues here.

One is that, first of all, Iran, in# contrast to the situation in 2015,## had over the last few years enriched# uranium to a very high level, the 60## percent.

To give you a scale, 90 percent# enrichment is considered weapons-grade.

But I caution that you don't need weapons-grade# uranium to make a bomb; 60 percent uranium -- 60## percent enriched uranium is in fact quite adequate# to make a bomb.

You need a bit more material## than you would with 90 percent.

That's why the 60# percent enriched uranium is so sensitive, it's so## critical, because that material actually was the# last piece that Iran historically did not have in## its possession in order to make a bomb if it chose# to do so, which I don't believe they have, OK?

But resolving that issue is the absolute, in# my view, first order of business with regard## to enriched uranium.

Where is it?

What condition# is it in?

What is the risk.

Get rid of the risk,## probably by having the IAEA inspectors oversee# dilution of that material back to a very,## very low enrichment, which# would not present a danger.

AMNA NAWAZ: As you well know, these talks# are now being led by Vice President Vance,## Special Envoy Steve Witkoff, Jared# Kushner.

There are, of course,## technical teams involved in the# details of these negotiations.

But you have sat across the table from the# Iranians.

You know what it is to negotiate in## the nitty-gritty.

Are you confident that the right# people are negotiating for the American side to## see through these verification measures that you# say are necessary to at least match the JCPOA?

ERNEST MONIZ: Well, I think the question, of# course, is how they use the technical people,## who they will need to answer various questions.

I mean, those people exist, for example, in# the Department of Energy National Laboratories.## In 2015, when I was negotiating, we used# the National Laboratory scientists very,## very heavily.

To be perfectly honest,# we used the time difference between## Switzerland and California very# effectively in order to be able## to have those scientists carry out# all the analyses that we wanted.

Now, the place -- so that's a question of the## negotiators being skillful not# only in negotiating with Iran,## but skillful in using the technical assets that# are available to the United States government.

Now, the advantage I did have, being,## of course, trained as a physicist, was that# I knew which questions to ask.

And that was## a much more efficient way of carrying forward# the negotiation, perhaps a more effective way.

AMNA NAWAZ: There is this 60-day timeline they# have set, with the possible extension if needed.

But how confident are you that a detailed# agreement can be reached within those 60 days?

ERNEST MONIZ: Well, I have to be very skeptical# that a detailed agreement can be reached in## that time.

And, of course, one can ask, how# important is it to have a detailed agreement?

My answer to that would be, it's very# important, specifically because ambiguity## is something that can be manipulated, skirted by# the Iranians in particular.

And that's why the## agreement in 2015 was over 150 pages' long.# Sure, we had the same assurances up front## that the MOU has, namely that Iran committed to# never acquiring or developing a nuclear weapon.

But our mantra was, OK, fine, but we don't trust,# and verify.

So that's why the verification was## so important.

And that's why the don't# trust was reflected in the fact that we## followed every rabbit hole, basically, to block# ambiguities that could lead to the development## of a weapon or at least to approach# the threshold of having a weapon.

And I believe that that is an essential# element, and I do not see how that could## be done in 60 days unless a lot of groundwork# has already been done, which I'm not aware of.

AMNA NAWAZ: That is former U.S.

Secretary# of Energy Ernest Moniz joining us tonight.

Secretary Moniz, thank you so much# for your time.

Really appreciate it.

ERNEST MONIZ: Thank you, Amna.

GEOFF BENNETT:## In the day's other headlines: The U.S.# Supreme Court today ruled against a former## Louisiana inmate who attempted to sue prison# officials for shaving off his dreadlocks.

In a 6-3 ruling, the justices found that Damon# Landor, a devout Rastafarian, could not sue## for money even if his religious rights were# violated.

Writing for the minority, Justice## Ketanji Brown Jackson warned the decision could# weaken federal religious protections in prisons.

In a separate case, the court will allow# ExxonMobil to sue Cuban state-owned## companies over property on the island# that was seized under Fidel Castro.

And## the justices sided today with the Trump# administration in an immigration case,## strengthening the government's power to# deport green card holders accused of crimes.

The Justice Department has reportedly# withdrawn grand jury subpoenas to## reporters at The Washington Post and The# Wall Street Journal.

The Associated Press## and others are reporting that the# subpoenas were issued earlier this## year as part of the administration's# broader crackdown on media leaks.

A spokesperson for The Washington Post called# the subpoenas a -- quote -- "clear violation## of constitutionally guaranteed press freedom.

"# Speaking to reporters after an unrelated press## conference, acting Attorney General Todd Blanche# didn't say why the subpoenas were revoked,## but he vowed to continue investigating what# he called breaches of national security.

In France, officials say an ongoing heat wave# is responsible for at least 40 drowning deaths## in recent days as people seek ways to cool off.# The country recorded its hottest day ever today,## with temperatures soaring above 100# degrees Fahrenheit in some areas.## That's affected schools and train service and# even forced the Eiffel Tower to close early.

Locals are rushing to buy electric fans and air## conditioners as temperatures are set# to remain high for a few more days.

SEVERINE LE BEUZIT, Paris Resident (through# translator): Paris when temperatures go high## is just hell on earth.

It's catastrophic.

I'm# worried for the coming years.

We have kno.. about climate change for a while, and not one# government is making progress on this issue.

GEOFF BENNETT: The extreme temperatures# are affecting millions across the region,## including in Britain, where train service has# been disrupted and hundreds of schools were## closed for the day.

British authorities# issued a rare extreme heat warning,## and forecasters are expecting# all-time highs for the month of June.

The NFL denied a bid by quarterback Brendan Sorsby# to hold a supplemental draft this year, meaning## he won't have a chance to enter the league in the# fall.

That follows the 22-year-old's legal battle## with the NCAA, which ruled him ineligible after he# made thousands of bets during his college career.

In a letter published by multiple media# outlets today, the NFL said his petition## failed to -- quote -- "demonstrate# accountability for your conduct or## indicate whether or how you would adhere# to the league's rules."

The NFL instead## encouraged Sorsby to try its regular draft next# year.

His lawyer called the decision unlawful.

And turning now to the World Cup,# Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo is now## the first player to score a goal in six# different World Cups.

The 41-year-old set## the mark with his first of two goals against# Uzbekistan today, as Portugal went on to win## 5-0.

Ronaldo scored his first World Cup# goal back in 2006 in a game against Iran.

Separately today, the Homeland# Security Department said it's## easing travel restrictions# on this year's Iran team.## Players can arrive two days ahead of their# next match, rather than the day before,## but they will still have to leave the U.S.

right# after.

They next play Egypt on Friday in Seattle.

On Wall Street today, stocks struggled on# the latest sell-off in big tech shares.## The Dow Jones industrial average posted# a small loss of just 45 points, but the## Nasdaq shed nearly 600 points, or more than 2# percent.

The S&P 500 also ended sharply lower.

Still to come on the "News Hour": why the# U.S.

student loan repayment system is about## to undergo a major overhaul; Georgia farmers# struggle with a major drought as climate## change makes weather less predictable;# and a new book details the hardships## faced by Ukraine's LGBTQ community as# they navigate the realities of war.

Today is the 10th anniversary of the most# divisive day in Britain's recent history,## Brexit, its vote to leave the European Union.# Voters were promised a Britain free of European## laws, decreased immigration, and a major boost to# business without the E.U.

's economic constraints.

But, as Malcolm Brabant reports from# Blackpool in the northwest of England,## leave and remain voters have one thing# in common.

They're not celebrating.

MALCOLM BRABANT: June 2016, when Britain# was split almost right down the middle,## as 52 percent of the country demanded# a divorce from the European Union.

MAN: I believe England's better# off by itself because we have## the drive and tenacity to make up# for any of the so-called benefits.

WOMAN: Out.

Definitely out.

QUESTION: Out.

OK, do you want to talk about it?

WOMAN: Shut that bloody tunnel up, Mike.

WOMAN: There's too many of them.# They're taking over, literally,## our houses, our jobs, literally taking over.

NIGEL FARAGE, Reform Party# Leader: Let June the 23rd## go down in our history as our independence day.

(CHEERING) once Britain's leading seaside resort,# whose residents distinguished themselves## by generating the biggest pro-Brexit# vote in Northwestern England.

MAN: We should never have left, to be# honest with you.

The world's gone to pot,## really.

I just got a feeling that we shouldn't# have left.

We should go back into it.

WOMAN: For a long time now, ever since this# change, I think we have gone downhill.

Britain## has totally gone downhill.

Everything# is overexpensive.

It's absolutely crazy.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Ten years after the referendum,# Britain remains a painfully disunited kingdom,## and a significant number of Brexit# voters regret their decision on that day.## One of Britain's leading polling companies says# that 56 percent of the electorate would vote to## rejoin the European Union if given a chance.

And# that includes 22 percent of those who voted leave.

Rob Benson is full of regret.# Like so many post-Brexit,## Benson's business lost access to European# markets, as the E.U.

punished Britain with## a swathe of bureaucratic obstacles.

In# these sandy shores north of Blackpool,## Benson farmed shellfish, popular in Spain# and France, generating $4 million a year.

But after Brexit, the enterprise collapsed.

ROB BENSON, Kingfisher Seafoods:# I actually voted to leave, but,## obviously, we were never told the truth as to what## the consequences were going to be.

And now# the consequences are out, it's too late.

MALCOLM BRABANT: How angry are you?

ROB BENSON: Very.

Oh, yes, very angry.# It's t.. MALCOLM BRABANT: The abiding# face of Brexit is Nigel Farage,## whose uncompromising campaign against the# European Union catalyzed the referendum.

NIGEL FARAGE: It was about getting# back control of our country,## getting back control of our borders.# They have given us record levels of## immigration.

We are literally living# through a population explosion.

MALCOLM BRABANT: History will also judge# Boris Johnson's short-lived premiership## as the driving force behind the legislation# delivering Brexit.

Now a newspaper columnist,## Johnson is toasting Brexit's anniversary.

BORIS JOHNSON, Former British Prime Minister:# Evening everybody; 10 years after that historic## Brexit referendum, I feel more convinced# than ever that the British people were## heroic and magnificent and did the right thing in# voting for freedom and democratic independence.

ROB BENSON: I think prison is too good for them,## to be truthful, because# they just -- they just lied.

MALCOLM BRABANT: According to the Confederation of# British Industry, the nation's economy has shrunk## by about 8 percent since Brexit was enshrined in# law.

When we visited this northwest cheese factory## before Brexit was sealed, the owners exported# to 40 different countries and hoped to expand.

But the business went bust,# and 30 people lost their jobs,## thanks in no small part to the# imposition of European tariffs.

Henri Murison is chief executive of a lobbying# group called the Northern Powerhouse Partnership.

HENRI MURISON, CEO, Northern# Powerhouse Partnership:## The economic evidence is pretty clear that our# businesses have suffered from lack of access## to European markets.

So having left the single# operating economic model of the European Union,## we now have more barriers to trade, and that# has definitely held back businesses here.

DIMITRIS PAPADIMITRIOU, Professor of Political# Science, University of Manchester: Brexit## has been a tremendou.. MALCOLM BRABANT: Political scientist Dimitris## Papadimitriou is a vice dean# of Manchester University.

DIMITRIS PAPADIMITRIOU: The political# and economic turmoil that has ensued has## definitely made people feel that Britain# is not a first-class power anymore.

MALCOLM BRABANT: For Europhiles,# Blackpool embodies a self-inflicted wound,## especially as it's one of Britain's# most poverty-stricken boroughs,## as the graffiti says, dreaming of better# days.

Brexit deprived the town of European## funds intended to boost its economy by,# for example, restoring Blackpool's tribute## to the Eiffel Tower and smartening up a# seafront that lures millions each year.

LYNN WILLIAMS, Leader, Blackpool Council: That# type of work costs an absolute fortune.

So to## lose access to that funding was a real major blow# for us.

And, as a consequence, we're only now,## 10 years on, starting the other necessary# works to the promenade and the seafront.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Lynn Williams of Britain's# governing Labor Party heads Blackpool Council.## She's striving to secure government# grants to replace lost European funding.

Blackpool's money troubles were# exacerbated by lockdowns during## the COVID pandemic.

And Williams# believes that the trickle-down of## economic hardship has fueled the# rise of right-wing politicians.

LYNN WILLIAMS: That was the start, really,# of that kind of populist politics of,## we have to leave, we have to be an island.

PROTESTERS: We want our country back!

LYNN WILLIAMS: Ten years on, we are now seeing# this particular rise of that type of politics,## which is -- I think is a# direct consequence of Brexit.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Lynn Williams' barb is# aimed at the politics of Mark Butcher,## a foot soldier of Nigel Farage's right-wing# anti-immigrant reform party.

Butcher runs a## soup kitchen for Blackpool's poorest,# including homeless military veterans,## whom he says are treated# worse than illegal immigrants.

MARK BUTCHER, Parliamentary Candidate,# Reform U.K.

: We never really got Brexit## in the first place, so it was a# betrayal from the Conservative## Party.

They didn't deliver the# Brexit that we signed up for.

MALCOLM BRABANT: And Butcher fears that,# 10 years on, Brexit is still insecure.

MARK BUTCHER: They're now wanting to# get us back into Europe, completely## ignoring the 17.4 million people that we# wanted out.

And out meant out meant out.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Regretful leave voter rob# Benson survived his shellfish company's## Brexit-induced collapse by servicing offshore# wind farms instead.

In the marina where he## moors his new boat, there's a mockup of# the Titanic.

Benson likens Brexit to an## iceberg and hopes that growing aspirations# to reconcile with Europe will gain traction.

ROB BENSON: I'd love to rejoin, because,# if we rejoined, we have had a taste of## what it's like trying to do it without.

It# doesn't work, not for us.

It really doesn't.

MALCOLM BRABANT: To the dismay of# Brexiteers, the Labor government## has been working to repair ties with the E.U.# But following yesterday's resignation of Prime## Minister Keir Starmer, it's unclear just how# much closer Britain and Europe will become.

MAN: We now come to Andy# Burnham, member from Makerfield.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Newly reelected M.P.

Andy# Burnham, who's expected to succeed Starmer, is## vague on what kind of relationship he wants.

But# Burnham has been explicit about ending the divide## between England's richer south and poorer north.# And that's good news for this seaside resort.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm# Malcolm Brabant in Blackpool.

GEOFF BENNETT:## Federal student loans will undergo major# changes starting July 1.

The changes will## not only restructure the loan system, but also# repayment options for millions of Americans.

Stephanie Sy tells us more.

STEPHANIE SY: Geoff, some borrowers might see# higher monthly payments.

Others will have to deal## with stricter caps on how much they can borrow,# and there will be fewer loan forgiveness options.

Four key revisions include an increase in interest# rates for most loans.

One benefit, a discount of## 1 percent for eligible borrowers who enroll in# autopay.

The elimination of the Biden era SAVE## Plan, which affects 7.5 million borrowers, and new# borrowing caps for graduate and Parent PLUS Loans.

For more on how all these changes will# further impact folks and their finances,## I'm joined by Danielle Douglas-Gabriel, national# higher education reporter for The Washington Post.

Danielle, welcome to the "News Hour."

So let's jump right in with this new# discount being offered to borrowers.## Is 1 percent going to make a dent for a lot of# folks?

What should we know about that benefit?

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL, The Washington Post:# Certainly, over the lifetime of the loan,## it does make a difference in terms# of how much you end up paying.

Unfortunately, this is only good for two years,# for people who are hoping that this is for the## life of the repayment cycle, but it could mean# it make a significant difference for people who## have higher interest rates and for people who# have larger loans.

So it's worth looking into.

STEPHANIE SY: So, a big question is# what happens to these seven million## folks that were on the Biden era# SAVE Plan.

That ends on July 1.## Critics of this plan, of course, said it# overpromised, it was too generous.

But## millions of borrowers plan their budgets around# it and saw those monthly payments skyrocket.

Do the new replacement options# out there help those folks out?

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL: For some borrowers,## it won't be that much of a difference# in their pay repayment plan... for many borrowers, it's -- it could be# a pretty significant jump in their bill.

Keep in mind that almost half of the people# who were on that SAVE Plan had incomes low## enough that they qualified for zero# monthly payments.

That's not going## to be the case on the payment plans# that they will have to switch into.

Even with the new repayment plan that's# coming online July 1, you still have to pay## $10 a month.

And there are a lot of# borrowers I have spoken to who said that## they certainly cannot fit another payment# in their household budget at this time,## when they're dealing with inflation in# grocery prices, gas prices, and the like.

So it's going to be a tough# road ahead for some borrowers## who are on the lowest income of the SAVE Plan.

STEPHANIE SY: So would you expect that you would# continue to see defaults on student loans go up,## as we have been seeing for# the last few years anyway?

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL: I think there's a# real risk of that right now.

We have a pretty## high delinquency and default percentage# at this stage.

I think there are about## nine million people who are in default on their# student loans who are behind by several months.

And a lot of economists are worried that# switching all of these borrowers out for of## SAVE and just people moving into some of these# new repayment plan options could increase that## spike.

Certainly, the Department of Education# is trying to get the message out.

They have## been e-mailing borrowers, they have been# notifying them of these coming changes,## the need to switch out of SAVE for several months.

I do think that this interest subsidy# that's in play for two years, the autopay,## is another way to try to encourage borrowers# to go back into consistent repayment and to## stay current on their loans.

Will it be# successful?

I think it's too soon to tell,## but it's certainly something worth watching as# -- over the next six months as we start to see## borrowers migrate out of some of these# plans into some of these newer options.

STEPHANIE SY: Danielle, I'm hearing a lot of# borrowers, online especially, expressing their## frustrations that they really don't know what to# do next, that they don't really trust the system## anymore, and that they feel like the rules have# changed enough that they're not sure what to do.

Here's what one woman said on TikTok.

CAYLIE PORTER, Student Loan Borrower: I have# no idea what the heck I'm supposed to do.

I'm## going and looking at some of these repayment# plans, and some of them look a little insane,## some of them not terrible, but I# don't know what I'm committing to.

And then I'm trying to get online and get more# information.

None of this stuff makes sense to me.

STEPHANIE SY: So this new Repayment Assistance# Plan, or RAP, has been described, as you know,## by the Department of Ed as a simpler income# plan.

Is it simpler -- income repayment## plan.

Is it simpler?

And will the new system# help or further hurt low-income borrowers?

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL:# I think that's debatable.

Certain features of the RAP plan,# there has been research that shows,## especially I think coming out of American# University, that some lower-income borrowers,## because of an interest subsidy that's attached# to the RAP plan where, if you make consistent## monthly payments on time, the government will pay# whatever unpaid interest is still accruing on the## loan, that could help some low-income# borrowers pay off their loans faster.

But there's also a great concern that,# because of the structure of the plan,## you could see a rise in defaults and delinquencies# for low-income borrowers who simply cannot## even keep up with the $10 payment, which is a# possibility and a reality for many Americans.

So it's difficult to say if# it's so much easier than what## has existed.

It is certainly not as# generous as what SAVE was offering,## which was much lower monthly payments and a# much faster path to forgiveness.

But this is## effectively the government trying to# split the difference to help people.

But we certainly could see a lot of people# repaying their loans for longer.

Keep in mind## that, under this new income-driven repayment plan,# it'll take 30 years of payments before you see the## remaining balance forgiven.

That's different# than the 20 or 25 years that currently exists,## and that's definitely different than# the decades' worth of payments that SAVE## was willing to let borrowers off for# them if they had low balances in total.

So this is not quite as generous as what# we have seen in the past.

In some ways,## it is very beneficial to some populations,# but it could be very detrimental to others## who have in the past and may continue to# struggle in repaying their student loans.

STEPHANIE SY: Quickly, Danielle, can you talk# about loan forgiveness and where that stands?

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL: It still exists for# certainly for public servants through public## service loan forgiveness.

The existing# income-driven repayment plants also have## a forgiveness feature that is still in play,# oftentimes after 20 or 25 years of repayment.

So that is still an option for borrowers, just not# quite as widespread as what we'd seen in the past.

STEPHANIE SY: That is Danielle Douglas-Gabriel# with The Washington Post joining us.

That was very helpful.

Thank you.

DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL: You're welcome.

AMNA NAWAZ:## More than half of the continental# U.S.

is facing drought.

Meanwhile,## in just the South this year, tens of millions# of people have been under flood watches.## These extreme weather conditions can have# major impacts on farmers and their crops,## at a time when they're already# facing high production costs.

Paul Solman recently traveled to# southern Georgia to hear from some## of those farmers.

It's part of our# continuing series Tipping Point.

PAUL SOLMAN: In Southeast Georgia, the# Berry family farming for generations,## their grandpa a sharecropper,# but, this spring, drought.

But your dad said you have never# seen a drought like this before.

CEDRIC BERRY, Farmer, Ludowici, Georgia: Right.

PAUL SOLMAN:.. CEDRIC BERRY: No, not in my .. I haven't.

Never heard of stories# of a drought this bad eith.. TONY BERRY, Farmer, Ludowici, Georgia: If we were# to plant on schedule in the heart of the drought,## we pretty much would have lost all those crops.

PAUL SOLMAN: One hundred and seventy# miles west, the opposite problem at## the 2,400-acre Longleaf Ridge Farm run by# sixth-generation farmer Casey Cox Kerr.

CASEY COX KERR, Longleaf Ridge# Farm: I wanted to come back and## build on the foundation that my parents had built.

PAUL SOLMAN: She too faces drought,# though, her part of Southern Georgia## finally did get rain a few weeks ago.

But# it was a downpour that menaced the crops.

CASEY COX KERR: It's not only does# it drown some of the plants.

It also## creates disease and pest problems.# We're seeing wetter wets and drier## dries.

And that can be a big challenge# with what we're experiencing on the floor.

PAUL SOLMAN: Wetter wets, drier# dries.

You won't be surprised to## hear this has something to do with climate change.

RACHEL CLEETUS, Union of Concerned Scientists:# It's affecting precisely those things that people## defend on for their livelihoods, their food,# their water supplies.

These are essentials.

PAUL SOLMAN: Rachel Cleetus of# the Union of Concerned Scientists.

RACHEL CLEETUS: Climate change is making these# more frequent, both the short-duration kinds of## droughts that we're seeing in some places, but# also the longer megadroughts like the Southwest## is experiencing.

The unpredictability of it, the# extremes, both the droughts and then the whiplash## with extreme rainfall events, that makes it very# difficult to plan for these kinds of conditions.

PAUL SOLMAN: During drought, ag Professor# Wes Porter of the University of Georgia says,## the local soil compounds the problem.

WES PORTER, University of Georgia: If you look in# our region where we're at now in Southern Georgia,## we have a really sandy soil.

So sandy soils can't# hold a whole lot of water.

So what that means,## we actually evaporated out# significantly higher amounts## of water than what we have received# back in.

So we were looking negative.

PAUL SOLMAN: Meanwhile, those# farmers now face punishing costs,## like diesel spurting up almost 50 percent# since the end of February.

And some seven## in 10 farmers say they now can't# afford rising fertilizer costs.

CEDRIC BERRY: I mean, now we would# normally be at market already.

And## we haven't -- haven't been.# Things just aren't ready.

PAUL SOLMAN: Now, both guys work full-time jobs,## Tony at the Port of Savannah.# Cedric's an electrician.

How much time do you get to spend here,# as opposed to on your regular jobs?

TONY BERRY: For me, two to# three days out of a week.

PAUL SOLMAN: And for you?

CEDRIC BERRY: Evenings and weekends.

PAUL SOLMAN: They help finance the farm with# their salaries.

The drought upped the cost.## The Berrys usually sell hay, for example, had# to hold some of it back to feed their cattle,## their own pasture parch-dry,# $10,500 in lost sales.

TONY BERRY: Fertilizer, fuel, those things like# that, that money would have covered that for sure.

PAUL SOLMAN: Is that $10,500,# that -- is that a substantial hit?

TONY BERRY: Oh, yes, sir.

I mean, if you want to# give me $10,500, then I ask you that question.

(LAUGHTER) never dreamed he'd wind up down on# the farm.

But with cousin Cedric: CEDRIC BERRY: We just naturally came# together and it's like, OK, well,## let's follow the family tradition and do this.

PAUL SOLMAN: Back across the state,# tradition brought Casey Cox Kerr back too.

CASEY COX KERR: Like, most things, a# little bit of time and perspective made## me realize how unique this farm is and# how special it is that I get to do this.

PAUL SOLMAN: But with a changing climate,# what hope is there for family farmers?

B.J.

WASHINGTON, CM Stripling Irrigation Research# Park: This technology is very vital to survival.

PAUL SOLMAN: Aha, technology, like precision# irrigation.

At the University of Georgia## Research Park, B.J.

Washington and team# are helping farmers conserve their water.

B.J.

WASHINGTON: You can program how much# water you put out.

You can program where it## needs to start and stop in the field.

You can# speed it up or slow it down within the field## to put out more water or less water.# You can do all that from this panel.

PAUL SOLMAN: Those big circles you see from# your airplane window seat created by center## pivot irrigation rigs like the ones here,# sprinkling water over crops slowly and evenly,## instead of spritzing it all at once.

And# these soil moisture sensors let the ground## itself signal just how much soaking# it needs so farmers don't overwater.

B.J.

WASHINGTON: Given the# drought, it's a huge deal,## because we want to we want to be as# efficient with irrigation as possible.## We don't want to waste water.

We don't# want to irrigate if we don't need to.

CASEY COX KERR: We could not grow what# we grow without irrigation because of## just the frequency of drought.

The new# irrigation systems, new technologies,## we're doing -- we're taking the# steps that we're able to take## to mitigate the risks that we can.

We# have to focus on what we can control.

PAUL SOLMAN: Which made me wonder, why isn't# everyone doing this?

One obvious answer,## it's not cheap.

The irrigation rigs cost at# least $90,000, the sensors up to $2,500 each.

But, says Professor Porter: WES PORTER: It looks like a big cost, but it's# costly for us to misapply our irrigati.. costly for us to lose yields because of that,# right?

And so I have a lot of return on investment## data that show that anywhere from on the low# end $20 to $30 per acre, all the way up to $150,## $200 per acre return for utilizing advanced# irrigation scheduling.

And that's per acre.

PAUL SOLMAN: So maybe data will get the# nation's farmers to change their ways,## and maybe farm tech will stay# ahead of further climate changes.

WES PORTER: Man, we have got this.

We can we# can adapt.

We can change.

We have been doing## it for a long time.

The way we farm today# might look different the way we farm in 100## years.

But I'm hoping that the work we're# doing today is helping build a foundation.

PAUL SOLMAN: And in the long run, Rachel Cleetus# says, there are policy steps worth considering.

RACHEL CLEETUS: And so we should, as a nation,# not leave farmers on their own to deal with this,## whether they can afford it or not.

We have# got to invest.

We have to make sure that## farmers are aware of the options that might# be there and that they get grants or low-cost## loans that they can maybe install some of these# technologies on their farms if they need them.

PAUL SOLMAN: Meanwhile, the Berrys keep# on pushing without pricey technology,## leaning on a tradition older than the farm.

TONY BERRY: We do put faith in our good lord that# he will provide a way, because he has done that## all these years before us, and I'm a strong# believer that he will continue to do that.

CEDRIC BERRY: We're doing the job that's# important, you know, providing the food for## surrounding communities, letting people know where# the food actually comes from.

And we need that.

And I just feel like, if we're# serving that purpose, he will provide.

PAUL SOLMAN: Well, he moves in mysterious ways.

CEDRIC BERRY: Definitely.

PAUL SOLMAN: For the Berrys, though,## mystery or not, wetter wets and drier# dries are an all-too-present re.. For the "PBS News Hour," Paul Solman.

GEOFF BENNETT: It has been more than four years# since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of## Ukraine.

And while the war has affected# the daily lives of nearly all Ukrainians,## life has been especially challenging# for members of its LGBTQ community.

Author and photojournalist J. Lester# Feder recent book chronicles some of## those lives.

Here's our conversation with him.

J. LESTER FEDER, Author, "The Queer Face of War:# Portraits and Stories from Ukraine": My name is## J. Lester Feder.

I'm.. And I'm the author of "The Queer Face of# War: Portraits and Stories from Ukraine."

LGBT people have been targeted in wars in# well-documented ways going back at least## as far as World War II.

But we don't have a lot# of stories about what actually happened to them,## because, in most wars, it hasn't been# safe for LGBT people to speak publicly.

So, when the war in Ukraine began, I immediately# went over there to begin interviewing people to## find out what issues they might be having.

And# we were particularly concerned, because Russia## had used so much anti-LGBT propaganda, that they# might be targeting queer Ukrainians on the ground.

I did not plan to do a book or# to do a photo project.

I assumed,## like the reporting I'd done in# Afghanistan or Iraq or Syria,## that people would not want to be photographed# or even necessarily share their full identities.## And I asked people if they could be# photographed really as an afterthought.

But people started saying yes.

And# when a number of people had said yes,## I realized that I was building what# I think is the first visual history## of a queer community in war.

So there isn't# one LGBT experience of war.

There are many.

And one of the reasons why I chose to do the# book as a series of vignettes of individual## people was to capture this range.

I talked# to one guy who was in the Army as a cook.## And I talked to drag queens in the military# administration supporting armed forces.

And## then there are the soldiers that are in# the trenches and really fighting directly.

And that's everything from Viktor Pylypenko,# who founded the LGBT military organization,## has spent most of the war on the front lines,# and has been quite accepted and celebrated for## his work, to a woman named Emilia, who is# transgender, joined the military initially## because she thought it was the only way that# she could afford gender-confirming surgery.

And then when she did finally start transitioning# after being an intelligence officer and spending## 10 years in the armed forces, her commanders# stripped her of her security clearance,## and ultimately she was forced to# leave the military altogether.

And this made me think a lot about the fights over## gay people being able to serve in# the military when I was a teenager,## and today the Trump administration's# efforts to remove trans people from service.

It's really important for marginalized# groups to be able to serve in the military,## because it is a way of demonstrating that there is# an ability to bear the full weight of citizenship,## and therefore they're entitled to# the full rights of as citizens.

And that denial of service is saying# that marginalized people are somehow## less than other citizens, they're# not truly equal, and, therefore,## can't make those demands.

And it's not just# the queer community that has recognized this,## but I also think about the civil rights movement# and African American soldiers coming back to the## United States and that being a real spark that# helped mobilize the civil rights movement here.

The treatment of queer people, like the# treatment of all marginalized groups,## is a real measure of the health# of a democracy.

One of the values## of democracy and pluralism is that it can --# has room for many different kinds of people,## and everybody can still be full citizens,# even though they're not the same.

Ukrainians are not different from Americans or# Europeans, in that the fight that they are having## to remain safe as a queer community in a democracy# that supports their rights is a global struggle,## because the model that Putin has perfected of# using homophobia to attack democracy is something## that we are seeing in otherwise healthy# democracies all over the world right now.

One of the activists that I spoke to# said there's really only two options## here.

Either Ukraine will be a democracy and# LGBT people will have rights, or it will be a## dictatorship and no one will have rights.

And I# think that really captures the stakes for today.

GEOFF BENNETT: As always,# there's a lot more online,## including three things Judy Woodruff says# she learned from speaking with Americans## across the country ahead of the USA's# 250th birthday.

That's at PBS.org/NewsHour.

AMNA NAWAZ: And join us back# here again tomorrow night,## when we will have the latest on primary# battles that could shape control of Congress.

And that is the "News Hour"# for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

For all of us here at the "News Hour,"..