AMNA NAWAZ: Good evening.

I'm Amna Naw GEOFF BENNET On the "News KEN WELCH, M GEOFF BENNETT: Floridians brace for Hurricane Idalia, rapidly adva Gulf Coast.

AMNA NAWAZ: now subject to Medicare negotiations.

GEOFF BENNETT: And Donald Trump's former chief of staff on How Mark Meadows' testimony in a Georgia courtroom could shape the case against the and his alleged co-conspirators.

(BREAK) GEOFF BENNETT: Welcome to the "NewsHour."

Hurricane Idalia is gaining strength, with winds of 100 miles per hour.

It's now a Category 2 system and is barreling toward Florida, where its expected to make landfall as a Category 3 storm tomorrow.

AMNA NAWAZ: Rain from the hurricane's outer ba Idalia is expected to punish the Western coast of the state, and the Big Bend region near the Panhandle in the northwest.

Forecasters are warning of a catastrophic storm su flooding rain, and possibly even tornadoes.

More than 20 counties were under evacuation Florida.

Along the Gulf Coast of Florida, people instead of sandy beaches.

GRACE CRUZ, Ta my patio furniture, bringing in anything out there that's loose and can fly away, getting the sandbags.

AMNA NAWAZ: It will be the first storm to strike Florida this hurricane season.

The National Hurricane Center projects sustained winds of up to 120 miles per hour.

GOV.

RON DESANTIS pretty consistently, with a bi got to watch how this thing goes and where it can impact.

So, just make sure you are heeding the warnings from your local emergency Ma ke sure you're doing what you need to do to keep yourself and your family safe.

AMNA NAWAZ: Video from the International Space Station today showed the storm churning in the Gulf of Mexico as it closed in on Florida.

The storm has already swept past Cuba, drenching Havana.

Residents there waded through floodwaters, trying to get to higher ground.

YADIRA ALVAREZ, Cuba Resident (through translator): We have be It hadn't risen much before, but, yes, there's a lot of water.

It has rained quite a lot.

AMNA NAWAZ: Back in Flor efforts.

The state al FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell said Idalia could significantly raise water th e Florida coast.

DEANNE CRISW to a major hurricane by the time it makes landfall, due to high surface temper in the Gulf of Mexico.

This means heavy winds, high in some of the areas along the Western coast.

AMNA NAWAZ: St. Petersburg Mayor Ken Welch urged by Hurricane Ian less than a year ago.

KEN WELCH, Mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida: Storms are unpredictable.

Folks that have been in Flor Maybe folks who are newer to th And we know from Ian that is not the case.

AMNA NAWAZ: It's a lesson learned at great 18 years since Hurricane Katrina blasted ashore, devastating parts of the city and surrounding communities and killing more than 1,800 people.

To update us on the latest with Hurricane Idalia by Jamie Rhome, deputy director at the National Hurricane Center.

Jamie, welcome back.

Let's just sta You have been tracking this As we speak right where is it headed?

JAMIE RHOME, Nat of Tampa Bay, Florida.

Maximum sustained winds have been s It is now a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, which puts the peak winds at 100 m per hour.

And looking at AMNA NAWAZ: You noted there that the FEMA director -- administrator, rather, said it is intensifying and strengthening.

Do you still expect it to make JAMIE RHOME: Oh, yes.

All indications are it's continuing to st And our forecast takes it to a Category 3 over the next 12, 18 hours.

AMNA NAWAZ: And has the path changed at all?

Do you -- where are you expecting it to ma ground to see when that happens?

JAMIE RHOME: The projected path has been rel leading up to the event.

It hasn't changed, a It looks like it's going to make landfall somewhere in the Florida Big Bend area.

It's hard to tell precisely where, which county, but somewhere in the Florida Big Be most likely passing very closer east of Tallahassee area, so they could get some pretty big winds as well.

AMNA NAWAZ: with this storm.

They put this sy But compare it, if you can, to storms in the past.

We have heard a lot about Hurricane Ian, for exampl from.

How does Ida JAMIE RHOME: Well, hurrica different.

So comparing But what I can tell you is, if you have never experienced the po you're probably underestimating just how strong it is.

These winds -- you can see on this graphic here, you think of this red area the hurricane-force winds could move inland.

You can see how far those winds carry inland, including all the way in AMNA NAWAZ: Governor DeSantis said earlier the highway tolls are being waived.

Shelters are opening.

We know people are being Fo r those who haven't been able to or who can' What's your message?

JAMIE RHOME: The conditions are going to deteriorate rapidly through the evening and overnight areas in advance of this system.

We are already seeing heavy as we speak.

This is no longer a sit and wait, sit and wa It is clear, if you're in the path of this system, and most especially, most especially if you have been ordered to evacuate, you need to do that now, not tomorrow, now.

AMNA NAWAZ: That is Jamie Rhome, deputy director at the National Hurricane Center, with the latest on Hurricane Idalia.

Jamie, thank you so much.

GEOFF BENNETT: In the day's other headlines: Victims of the January 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol, along with their families, had their say in a federal court in Washington.

It came a day before former Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio and three others will be sentenced for their roles in the attack.

They were convicted of seditious conspiracy The 2024 race for the White House claimed its first casualty today, Miami Mayor Francis Suarez.

He called off Suarez launched his bid just over two months ago, but failed to g for last week's GOP debate.

American Paul Whelan, held prisoner in Russia, has appeared on vide three years.

Footage released At one point, he refuses to answer an interviewer's questions as he works at a sewing machine.

Whelan's brother said today the video was made in may.

And the White House said it's a good sign.

KARINE JEAN-PIERRE, White House Press Secretary: th is is to use his brother's words -- "unbowed."

Paul continues to show tremendous courage.

That does not change that his circumstances are truly unacceptable, and we will to be very clear about that.

GEOFF BENNETT: Whelan is serving a categorically denies.

Police in Nigeria have announced the arre Officers say they carried out a raid early Monday in the southern part of Nigeria, where homosexuality is outlawed.

Meantime, a man in Uganda has been a under a new law there.

He could face the death penalty.

In Pakistan, an appeals court three-year prison term.

The former prime minister had Fa mily members and supporters waited outside his prison after the court granted him bail, but another court asked that he remain in custody on a separate charge.

MUZAMIL HUSSAIN, Imran Khan Supporter (through translator): We came here to receive our leader.

The High Court made a good decision to release Imran Khan, but, suddenly, we came to know he has been detained in another case.

We are disappointed with this our leader, but nothing like this happened.

GEOFF BENNETT: If Khan's conv again in November elections.

Back in this country, a grad student from Ch Chapel Hill was formally charged today with murdering his faculty adviser.

Monday's fatal shooting put the campus on lockdown for three hours, and classes were canceled through tomorrow.

Police say they are still trying to de House Majority Leader Steve Scalise announced today he's started treatme myeloma, a form of blood cancer.

The Louisiana Republican is 57 years old.

In a statement, he said -- quote -- "I will tackle this with the as I have tackled past challenges."

Scalise was wounded by a gunman back in 2017 during a endured a lengthy recovery.

And, on Wall Street, stocks surged o hikes after reports showing job openings and consumer confidence are down.

The Dow Jones industrial average gained 292 points, to close at 34852.

The Nasdaq rose 238 points, 1.7 percent.

The S&P 500 was up nearly 1.5 percent.

Still to come on the "NewsHour": Jacksonville's mayor discusses the city's respo se shooting that killed three people; the growing conservative backlash against environmentally and socially conscious investments; a new podcast highlights how the painful experiences of female patients are often ignored; and a landscape architect's visionary goal, creating nature-based infrastructure.

AMNA NAWAZ: President Biden today announced the first batch of drugs designated for Medicare price negotiations, a goal of Democrats and supported by much of the American public for decades.

The 10 medic could save the government billions of dollars, but drug manufacturers are attempting to block the effort.

Stephanie Sy has the det STEPHANIE SY: These price Re duction Act last year, with the goal of making popular drugs more affordable to older and disabled Americans.

It gives the government, through Medicare, ph armaceutical companies for select medications.

Today, the Biden administration listed the first 10 drugs up for Popular blood thinners like Eliquis and Xarelto are on the, list as well as diabetes medications like Jardiance.

Last year, just these 10 drugs cost cost the Medicare program $50 billion.

President Biden celebrated the milestone at the White House today.

JOE BIDEN, President of the United States: Today is the where big pharma doesn't just get a blank check at your expense and the expense American people.

On my watch, STEPHANIE SY: Pharmaceutical companies, which have mounted legal challenges to the law, have to negotiate or face heavy tax penalties.

The new prices will only take effect in 2026.

Stacie Dusetzina has been watching all of this closely.

She's a professor of health policy and cancer research at Vanderbilt University School Medicine.

Stacie, expl And how will it impact people that take those specific 10 medications?

STACIE DUSETZINA, Vanderbilt University: So, it's a really big deal, because when Medicare Part D was first enacted, Medicare was banned from negotiating drug prices directly.

So this is the first time that the program has been able to negotiate for individual drug prices across all Medicare beneficiaries.

So, it is really a historic step.

Now, for people who take these drugs that are on the list, some of them see direct benefits in their prices going down by the time the new prices are implemented in 2026.

That includes anybody who's paying a d drug's price.

So, for -- e they're chronic disease medications that are filled every month, patients may actually see their prices go down directly.

But many people will see their of having Medicare redesigned, and have the new $2,000 out-of-pocket cap as part of their benefit.

And that will go into ef So the good news for Medicare beneficiaries and peop is, those changes are coming even earlier than the negotiated prices.

But the negotiation is being used in part to pay for that expansion of benefits, so that premiums don't have to go up to compensate.

STEPHANIE SY: What about the fact that there we implementation of the law?

STACIE DUSETZINA: Yes, I mean, that's and the negotiations were stopped, that would be a large amount of savings that are expected to help pay for expanding the benefit that would no longer be there.

So I think one of the concerns, if we lost drug price negotiation, is that premiums would then have to rise to compensate for this improvement in benefits.

And I think that has real implications for people who may already struggle to pay premiums to have health insurance coverage today.

STEPHANIE SY: That would be a serious side Th e pharmaceutical companies that make these drugs claim that forcing them to lower prices will mean less money they can put toward the research and the development of new needed treatments.

In fact, one is in jeopardy because of this policy.

What's your view on that being a side effect of this?

STACIE DUSETZINA: So I think it is important to recognize that we a pharmaceutical industry.

And there's a lot of i high returns that they are able to bring.

That said, the law only is focusing on older drugs and drugs that have in the Medicare program.

So the companies t drugs for many years, before they're even eligible for negotiation.

So I think, when we consider the real question of trade-offs and effects on innovation, this is a good way for us to get real experience with understanding how lower prices affect innovation in a way that has some important guardrails on the process.

STEPHANIE SY: There's clearly a lot that still has to be worked out.

Is just the fact that the federal government may begin negotiating directly with pharmaceutical companies for drug prices, is that leading to shifts that could affect Americans concerned about these prices more broadly?

STACIE DUSETZINA: Well, I think of Medicare.

But, by and I will say that it is important to recognize that, as taxpayers, we all contribute to the Medicare program, so savings to Medicare are actually savings to both the people benefiting from the program right now and those of us paying taxes that are helping to support the program.

STEPHANIE SY And if you want more information about the 10 drugs selected today, you can find a detailed list and more on our site at PBS.org/NewsHour.

GEOFF BENNETT: Former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows took a major gamble with his opening move in the Fulton County election interference case.

Meadows took the stand himself.

For nearly four hours yesterda in helping to orchestrate efforts to investigate alleged fraud in the 2020 election, actions that prosecutors described as part of a criminal conspiracy to overturn the election results.

Meadows took the stand to argue that the criminal case against him should be moved to federal court.

For insight, Chuck, it's always great to see you.

And as you well know, it's a real risk fo especially during pretrial motions.

Was testifying Mark Meadows' only chance to get CHUCK ROSENBERG, Former U.S. Attorney: No.

He had optio And you're r It is a risk.

He is still a defendant in a criminal So, anything he said in this particular hearing coul a trial?

Did he have No, there are other ways for his te to show that he was a federal official and acting within the scope of his duty in his efforts to get his case removed to federal court.

They must have made a calculation that the best way to do that would be for GEOFF BENNETT: So what is the benefit for Mark Meadows if this case is moved from Fulton County to a federal court?

CHUCK ROSENBER So, if he succeeds and g pursuant to the Supremacy Clause.

He could argue that, because he was his federal duty, the case against him ought to be dismissed.

So what you should expect, if he succeeds in getting the case removed, is that he would then move the federal court to dismiss the indictment against him.

GEOFF BENNETT: Meadows' testimony was contradicted immediately on the stand from testimony from Brad Raffensperger, the top Republican in Georgia who oversees that state's elections.

And whereas Meadows was saying, I was just doing my job, Raffensperger said -- quote -- he didn't think it was "appropriate" to talk to Meadows while Donald Trump condemned contesting the state's results.

He initially tried to avoi He characterized it as a campaign call.

And he also said -- quote -- "Outreach to How might a judge weigh those competing and conflicting testimonies?

CHUCK ROSENBERG: Well, that gets to the crux of Meadows' argument.

If, in fact, he was not acting within the scope of his duties as a federal as the White House chief of staff, it's going to be very hard for him to get his case removed.

I am sure, from Mr. Raffensperger's point of view, he had never seen anything quite like it.

By the way, That happens.

It's not unu It doesn't mean They certainly have a different perspective on what happened.

But this is the key to Mr. Meadows efforts to get the case removed, that he within the scope of his duties.

And Mr. Raffensperger was saying, not in my opin It seemed to be far outside of his lane.

GEOFF BENNETT: If the judge in this case says this case will remain in Fulto could the Meadows team appeal all the way up to the Supreme Court?

Is delay part of the strategy here?

CHUCK ROSENBERG: Well, delay always i It's sort of a universal truth.

So, if Mr. Meadows loses his motion to remove appeal.

It doesn't h The record in this case is going to be relatively It 's that one day of testimony and the pleadings that each I imagined the 11th Circuit, the federal circuit that sits over the Atlanta federal courts, could hear this and decide this relatively quickly.

GEOFF BENNETT: There were conservative commentators today making the case overplayed her hand in charging Meadows because it creates this potential path for removal.

Do you see it that way?

And could she have brought CHUCK ROSENBERG: Well, if you include federal defendants in the state case, you ought to expect this sort of motion.

Did she overplay her hand?

Too early to tell.

We have to see what th what a jury does with the case before it.

It's a broad case.

You can contrast it, Geoff, of co brought against Mr. Trump in federal court in Washington, D.C., four counts, one defendant.

That's a streamlined case.

Look, I can argue the pros a her hand, I guess I would say, to be determined.

GEOFF BENNETT: And the judge in this cas makes this decision about removal.

Is that right?

CHUCK ROSENB He told everyone to And they are.

Should he decide to remove it, It 's a different book with a whole different story.

There will be a different procedural posture.

But, right now, they're in state court.

They're defendants in a criminal case And they have to attend to that until otherwise.

GEOFF BENNETT: Chuck Rosenberg, you make everything (L AUGHTER) CHUCK ROSENB (LAUGHTER) GEOFF BENNET CHUCK ROSENBERG: Yes, sir.

AMNA NAWAZ: A federal hate crime investigation is under way after a gunman who embraced racist white supremacist ideology shot and killed three Black people at a Dollar General store in a predominantly Black neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida.

The victims of Saturday's shooting include Angela Carr, a 52-year-old Ube was waiting outside the store, Dollar General employee A.J.

Laguerre, who was only 19 and had recently graduated from high school, and 29-y Jerrald Gallion, a customer who'd plan to spend the rest of the weekend with his young daughter.

Meanwhile, t Joining me now is the mayor of Jacksonville, Donna Deegan.

Madam Mayor, welcome, and thanks for joining us.

I want to begin with your city's pre tomorrow.

What can you DONNA DEEGAN (D), Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida: Well, we dec which we will go through the storm really tomorrow and Thursday.

And we have got our crews out preparing.

We have opened six shelters fo storm.

We aren't of like, for most folks, they will probably be OK on their homes.

But for people who feel like they're in low-lying areas, or perhaps in mob we have created shelter so that they can go and make sure they feel safe.

Beyond that, we have just got our emergency crews that are ready to restore power.

We do expect to lose power in some places.

We expect some spotty flooding, and we'r to please just try to hunker down for the next 24 hours until this thing goes by us.

It should move pretty fast, and hoping that this is mostly just a drill for most of us, beyond what may be some isolated problems.

AMNA NAWAZ: We do hope you and ev We will continue our reporting on that storm.

Meanwhile, your community is still reeling It's only been three days.

So, I just h DONNA DEEGAN: Well, I think everyone here is grief-stricken.

This is something that I would -- I would like to say as a shock.

But we have seen a lot of gun violence in our area.

We have seen a lot of gun violence, obviousl And it's disheartening to see the same community over and over again be affected by this.

I think it is -- it's a situation where folks sort of have PTSD from everything that they have been through.

And I'm heartbro AMNA NAWAZ: Mayor Deegan, it's been n domestic violence incident, also was involuntarily committed for 72 hours back in 2017.

He was a minor at the time.

He was still able to legally purcha Should he have been able to?

DONNA DEEGAN I think that -- I think that it's far too easy to get th I don't understand why anyone really needs one.

But at the end of the day, that is the legal situation here in Florida.

They are very easy to buy.

And this gentleman was able to And, as you know, he had of a manifesto that he wrote that was just full of hate people.

And he took th And I think it's so unfortunate that folks like him can buy guns that easily, especially given his background.

AMNA NAWAZ: He was booed by people in the community there.

And I want to point you towards a line from an opinion p Times-Union, where columnist Nate Monroe partly laid the blame of that shoot like Mr. DeSantis.

This is what he wrot inclusion and peddling the fictitious chivalry of the nation's slaveholding founders, it is catnip for awful people with awful ideas."

Mayor Deegan, do you agree with that?

Those policies, does that language, those contribute t DONNA DEEGAN: Look, I ran for this office on unity.

I said that we needed to stop the divisive rhetoric, we needed to stop having a them-versus-us mentality.

And I believ -- saying that slavery may have been beneficial, things like that do not help to bring our community together.

Now, I have to say that I am I was there also.

And I think that it is -- if w or in our nation, we have to begin communicating with each other.

And at least, because he was here, he saw that pain.

And I hope, in some way, that it may have affected him.

AMNA NAWAZ: It's about bringing your community together.

Residents will also say it's about making sure the For Black residents, specifically, as you know, we have had a lot in the last few d about the long history of violence against Black residents in Florida and Ja in particular, over America's history, like a number of Southern cities.

You have had a fight in your city about removing Confederate statues.

There were Nazis hanging flags over highways last year.

What do you say to Black residents of Jacksonville who do not feel safe right now?

DONNA DEEGAN: Well, I have said to those residents for a long, long time that I believe those monuments should go.

My previous -- the previous mayor to me had asked He removed one of those monuments.

He was not able to remove the other one.

At least, by the time he left office, that had no And so we continue to believe that is something that should happen white supremacy should go.

And that is certainly something that I am focused AMNA NAWAZ: That is the mayor of Jacksonville, Florida, Donna Deegan.

Madam Mayor, we are thinking of everyone in your community after the shooting and hoping everyone stays safe in the path of this hurricane.

Thank you for your time.

DONNA DEEGAN: Thank you so much.

GEOFF BENNETT: The extreme weather events that have hit the U.S. and other countries this summer have cast a sharp spotlight on the role of climate change.

In recent years, those same concerns have changed the way that major investment firms and some companies do business.

Economics correspondent Paul Solman has mor PAUL SOLMAN: On Wall Street, New York City Comptroller Brad Lander: BRAD LANDER, New York City Comptroller: A big part of investing is investing across the stock market.

PAUL SOLMAN: BRAD LANDER: Diversification protects you against concen Looking at your environmental and social and governance risks protects you against systemic risks.

PAUL SOLMAN: City teachers, transit workers and other public employees.

BRAD LANDER: If you have retirement obligations, pension obligations out decades, risk is financial risk.

PAUL SOLMAN: In Lander's wor governance, so-called ESG, risks is his fiduciary responsibility as a long-term investor.

That includes, he says, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the portfolio to near zero.

BRAD LANDER: We have adopted the most ambitious net zero plan of any us public pension fund.

We're aiming to have our -- three of our five funds be net zero by the year 2040, so pretty soon.

PAUL SOLMAN: from fossil fuel stocks to mitigate risks associated with global warming, he says.

BRAD LANDER: If we have disruption in the food supply, if we have an increased number of climate refugees, if we have more real estate can't live in because or it's just too hot, all of those have big financial costs.

PAUL SOLMAN: By the end of last year, ESG investments nationwide totaled 13 percent of total us assets under professional management.

DAN ABBASI, Douglass Winthrop Advisors LLC: Incorporating E factors within ESG for us is something that's just a matter of good, solid, prudent investing.

PAUL SOLMAN: Portfolio manager Dan Abbasi applies the E, environmental metrics.

DAN ABBASI: If we have increasingly dangerous problems like climate change, the companies that are selling solutions to those, there's opportunity to grow and be competitive, but also an opportunity to have favorable impact on society.

And we see those as flip sides of the s SEAN REYES (R), Utah Attorney General: It's an existential threat.

PAUL SOLMAN: But, these days, there' woke capitalism.

REP. LISA MCCLAIN PAUL SOLMAN: Congressional Republicans have taken up the issue.

REP. LISA MCCLAIN PAUL SOLMAN: A GOP bill to prevent pension funds from considering ESG prompted President Biden's very first veto.

So, states have taken up the anti-ESG cause.

GOV.

RON DESANTIS ESG from our pension fund, because we don't want political agendas to interfere with the pensions of our teachers, our firefighters and our police officers.

(APPLAUSE) PAUL SOLMAN: of which have become law.

GLENN HEGAR, Texas and gas industry from here forward, they are therefore deemed boycotting the oil and gas industry.

PAUL SOLMAN: from doing business with the state government because they boycott energy companies.

GLENN HEGAR: If someone else can do this job, then go with those.

Don't go with the entity that's boycotting the oil and gas industry.

PAUL SOLMAN: The Texas comptroller's office has already pulled s from the likes of investment giants BlackRock and UBS.

GLENN HEGAR: If we had no more petroleum in this nation in this world, y would shut down most functions of the economy.

PAUL SOLMAN: And in New Hampshire... VIVEK RAMASWAMY (R), Presidential Candi It rhymes with cake, and I'm on PAUL SOLMAN: One-time Harvard undergrad rapper Republican Vivek Ramaswamy, who went make mega millions as a hedge fund and biotech honcho.

VIVEK RAMASWAMY: Fossil fuels are a requirement for human prosperity.

PAUL SOLMAN: He's now campaigning for president in part on an anti-ESG platform.

VIVEK RAMASWAMY: What's actually driving it?

It's the politicized demands of asset managers.

And I think that that is a political agenda masquerading a PAUL SOLMAN: And ESG backlash is having real impact on asset managers, including the world's largest, BlackRock, whose CEO, Larry Fink, is on the defensive.

QUESTION: There has been a rebuke, if you will, to what some people call woke capitalism.

LARRY FINK, CEO, BlackRock: I believe stakeholder capitalism is not political.

It is not woke.

It is capitalism.

PAUL SOLMAN: And he's far from alone, says Harvard business school's Rebecca Henderson.

REBECCA HENDERSON, Harvard Business School: And when one political par firms acting in this way is not appropriate, and is w that, many managers say, oh, OK, OK, I'm going to be careful.

I'm not -- at the very least, I'm not going to talk much about it.

PAUL SOLMAN: But how well have ESG investments actually fared?

In New York, four city employees sued the pension plans that shed fossil fuel investments, alleging they breached their fiduciary duties?

Fossil fuels have done quite well in recent... (CROSSTALK) BRAD LANDER: PAUL SOLMAN: Yes.

BRAD LANDER: If you look at all.

So, our fund If you look at o very quite strong, given all the decisions that we have made.

PAUL SOLMAN: Ramaswamy says he doesn't buy it.

VIVEK RAMASWAMY: Disguising this PAUL SOLMAN: So, the New York comptroller who tells me that he's trying to invest in the long-term interests of his pensioners is lying?

VIVEK RAMASWAMY: I believe he's not telling the That's correct.

PAUL SOLMAN: has paid off.

DAN ABBASI: Ou World for six-and-a-half years.

This idea that it's an th at's very clear-eyed about the way the world is changing.

PAUL SOLMAN: So I asked Ramaswamy, is it ever th faith it is in the interest of our shareholders to maximize value by taking ESG into account?

VIVEK RAMASWAMY: Maximize shareholder value to do whatever requires taking maximize shareholder value into account.

But the little puzzl that acronym had to be the one factor they take into account.

That should raise suspicions.

PAUL SOLMAN: in recent years.

But proponents point to the RE BECCA HENDERSON: It's as if we're st and an old -- old assumptions about how to make money, and that we just haven't understo that the world is fundamentally changing.

PAUL SOLMAN: And Henderson argues monet using.

REBECCA HEND attention to the consequences of inequality of the society we're in, not to be aware of the new products and opportunities that dealing with these issues is going to create is to be blinkered, and shortsighted.

PAUL SOLMAN: Yet Henderson is al mainly as a marketing device.

REBECCA HENDERSON: There a Go measure it, stick it in the P.R.

department.

And they are investors.

So that is t It is also t But, to me, that sounds like reason to improve the measures, not to get rid of them altogether.

PAUL SOLMAN: In the end, the debate may come down to time frame, shareholder value in the more knowable short run, in contrast to the less knowable, but ever more threatening future.

For the "PBS NewsHour," Paul Solman.

AMNA NAWAZ: A popular new podcast is bringing to light the abuses suffered at a fertility clinic at Yale.

Lisa Desjardins has our conv LISA DESJARDINS: The podcast An d it probes a story with many layers, including how women can be ign they can doubt their own experiences.

At the center is a fertility clinic at Yale University.

In 2020, a nurse there secretly replaced vials of an opioid use to retrievals with saline solution.

That meant the women felt the entire procedure, some d the clinic downplayed or ignored their cries.

Susan Burton is the host of "The Retrievals" and reported this series for Ti mes and Serial Productions.

Susan, thank you for joining us.

The nurse involved named Donna Montic But, all the time, she was stealing fentanyl to feed her own addiction.

Still, she was watching these women, allowing this woman to be in pain.

And not only that.

She was gaslight Here's what one of the women AL LISON, Patient: Next thing I remember is waking up And I was in quite a bit of pain, a lot more pain than I ever would have expected for an egg retrieval.

And Donna was my nurse.

And I rememb And she looked at me and said, "Yes."

LISA DESJARDINS: What did these SUSAN BURTON, Host, "The Retrievals": Sure.

So, first of all, Li So, the women were undergoing a procedure call from the body and then either fertilized or frozen, depending on what you're doing.

The clinic set an expectation that the women might experience moderate discomfort with this procedure.

But what they described to the procedure.

And in the absence of accurate in the nurse was keeping a secret that she was stealing fentanyl, many of the women blamed themselves or thought this is just what women go through.

LISA DESJARDINS: And many of the women that you talked to, end up having children.

However, their experience is still be Here's what another one of the women told you about that.

ESHA, Patient: After I delivered, I went in for my doctor.

And it someh And she looked at me and she said: "Well, what's the big deal?

I mean, you ended up pregnant."

LISA DESJARDINS: You have such and you call that kind of thing an act of erasure.

What did you learn about the way medicine sees pain in women and especially pain that might be related to having children?

SUSAN BURTON: Yes, I mean, one of the things wa s the way that pain had been normalized around this egg retrieval procedure at this clinic.

I came to se would feel some pain.

That was one of the reas long.

And when we saying, I'm feeling this pain and the doctor dismissing us.

But not treating pain adequately in the first place is another w way of saying, it doesn't matter.

LISA DESJARDINS: And you believe that t SUSAN BURTON: I think that women's pain is definitely dismissed and than men's pain.

And that has to do with hist we are hysterical, that we are unreliable narrators of our own symptoms.

LISA DESJARDINS: Now, the nurse involved here did -- was sentenced ultimately to eight days in prison.

She did also sur Now, you were not able to speak to her on the record and or anyone a How did you go about balancing her story -- she has her own addiction story that she presented in court -- with that of the other women?

SUSAN BURTON: That was a very complicate And, ultimately, what I decided to do was, the nurse herself told her own story in court documents, and her friends and family told their own stories about what happened to the nurse also in court documents in character reference letters they wrote to the judge.

So that was -- that was the storytelling that I was able to do to allow her to explain what happened from her perspective.

LISA DESJARD SUSAN BURTON: She told a story that i and a lot of stress around his caretaking of the children.

And it ultimately ended up being really thematically relevant to the series, because what happened was, at her criminal sentencing, part of the reason she received such a light sentence was that the judge was taking her status as a mother into consideration.

If the nurse had gone to prison, her ex-husband likely would have gotten custody of the child This was a very painful irony for many of the patients who were observers for this, because, of course, they were at this clinic because they wanted to have children, have become parents, become mothers.

LISA DESJARDINS: Since the podcast SUSAN BURTON: Of course, yes, I mean, this podcast has really hit a nerve.

I have heard from hundreds of listeners, not only fertility patients, but just patients who've had all kinds of experience of unacknowledged or inadequately treated pain in medical settings, ranging in age from teenagers to women in their 70s, pain from inadequately -- pain from IUD insertions, birth trauma, all kinds of things.

LISA DESJARDINS: Susan Burton, thank you for the many layers that you have looked at in this podcast.

We appreciat SUSAN BURTON And thank yo GEOFF BENNETT: If you think landscape architecture, you might conjure gardens or parks, but in a rapidly changing climate fueled by the summer's intense heat, flooding, fires, and now hurricanes, architect and designer Kate Orff is helping redefine her field and push us all toward new climate adaptation solutions.

Jeffrey Brown has the story for our arts and culture series, Ca KATE ORFF, Landscape Architect: We're here in Tottenville, which was known as the oyster built.

JEFFREY BROW Kate Orff.

But this is no And despite the gentle lapping of water on a hot summer morning a healthy coastline.

In 2012, this area was overwhel caused widespread flooding in many parts of New York City.

More than half of the 43 people killed were on Staten Island.

And the destruction extended well inland.

Eleven years later, Kate Orff is watching the final stages o can point the way towards a healthier ecosystem and mitigate future disasters.

It's called Living Breakwaters.

KATE ORFF: The breakwaters are cl ean the water, helping to replenish this incredibly eroded shoreline, actually reverse erosion, and then start to rebuild this kind of critical three-dimensional mosaic of subtidal and intertidal rock marine ecosystem that we have literally decimated in the New York Harbor.

It's down to JEFFREY BROWN: Orff is founder of She is a leading voice in her field pushing efforts to address the climate crisis and its many impacts.

She was the first landscape architect to r Design Program at Columbia University, and this year was named to the TIME 100 of the most influential people in the world.

One mantra, adapting to a changing climate, requires adapt KATE ORFF: It requires rethinking our training, our perspective, our assumptions about what is land, what is water, what is engineering, what is art?

I think every profession today is now your existing profession, plus climate emer JEFFREY BROWN: You use the term climate adaptation clearly behind a lot of what you're after.

What does climate adaptation mean?

KATE ORFF: Climate adaptation vi ew at what we have built now and where we have built, and how can we -- knowing that all of these sort of factors are in flux, what can we do to look at that built environment in a synthetic and holistic way and try to make adaptations to make us safer in the future?

And a lot of times, the answers are murky.

JEFFREY BROWN: Like the waters of Raritan Bay, where the Living Breakwaters are constructed, with $107 million in funding by New York state and the federal government.

The idea, build a set of barriers that will hold back water with eight partially submerged structures of stones and concrete.

A nonprofit called the Billion Oyster Project wi eventually recreating an oyster reef, a return to an earlier era, when oysters were an enormous part of New York's economy and natural ecosystem.

The oyster as an answer to a lot of these problems?

KATE ORFF: This would have been a thriving salt marsh.

You would have had oyster reefs covering the bay.

JEFFREY BROWN: Which would have prevented erosion, yes.

KATE ORFF: Right.

And these in And so the oyster is a Keystone of that landscape.

And the reason is, it is -- it kind of can create reefs.

It can build up.

It can form wave-atten It's food for migrating birds.

It creates shallow waters for the horsesho It kind of sets into motion these more sort of shallow, intertid JEFFREY BROWN: So the idea is millions or a billion oysters create a new ecosystem?

KATE ORFF: Right.

And we have to start It's not the answer, but it is a first step.

JEFFREY BROWN: It's a step that's catching on, including a si on the "NewsHour" recently under way in Louisiana.

Orff herself is working at sites around the country and, more and more, the globe, m small-scaled, client-driven projects.

But she wants to work and wants us to think bigger, a Mississipp for example, bold, transformative ideas for the American landscape.

If all of this is so obvious, why isn't it the norm?

What are the barriers?

KATE ORFF: And These big projects that we need to conceive cross watersheds.

They certainly wil They're really more at a regional scale, kind wa y to kind of like nest into the system.

JEFFREY BROWN: What's your job in KATE ORFF: Right.

Well, I thin can't do this, you can't drive this way, you can't put your house on this coastline.

JEFFREY BROWN: And then people say... KATE ORFF: And the JEFFREY BROW KATE ORFF: B environmental future that we should be running towards.

JEFFREY BROWN: When you talk about changing the way landscape architec of the design world are done, you include activism.

KATE ORFF: That's right.

We can't just be what needs to be done.

We need to b And so... JEFFREY BROW rather than waiting.

KATE ORFF: Y I want to be JEFFREY BROWN: The project engages schools on Staten Island to get young students involved.

Knowledge and ownership, she believes, are fundamental to any future change.

KATE ORFF: There's this sense of despair, frankly.

There's a sense of, I'm inheriting a world that I did not make and that I am for.

And I just feel like its going to be the solvers.

That's really not fair I really want to feel li at least setting a pathway that these students feel like they can -- they can see themselves on.

JEFFREY BROW beach near home.

Completion of the Living Breakwaters is expected For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Jeffrey Brown on Staten Island, New York.

AMNA NAWAZ: And that is the "NewsHour" for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNET Thanks for joining us, a